Strain concentration caused by the closed end contributes to cartridge case failure at the bottom

Ruptures at the bottom of cartridges are a common cause of failure of ammunitions, which directly threatens the safety of weapons and shooters. Based on plastic tube theory, this study analyses the radial and axial deformation of a cartridge, considering the radial constraint of the closed end at the bottom of the cartridge. Owing to the influence of the closed end, the bottom of a cartridge does not establish complete contact with the chamber. Owing to strain concentration in the non-contact area, this area is more amenable to the occurrence of cartridge rupture. This theory predicts the location of the fracture more accurately than the traditional theory. The maximum axial deformation of a cartridge comprises bending and friction deformation. The maximum strain at the bottom of the cartridge increased by 135% owing to the introduction of bending strain caused by the closed end. The strain distribution of a cartridge was measured using digital image correlation technology, and the measured result was consistent with the predicted results of the bending deformation theory and rupture case. The effects of wall thickness, radial clearance, friction coefficient, and axial clearance on the axial deformation of the cylinder were studied. Increasing the wall thickness and reducing radial clearance were found to reduce bending deformation; furthermore, lubrication and reduction in axial clearance reduce frictional deformation, which in turn reduce cartridge rupture.     

监测位移趋势分析确定滑坡稳定状态研究

针对滑坡预报缺少公认的临界速率,同时由于普遍存在的位移突变现象,易于造成大量误报的问题,提出了基于监测位移趋势分析的滑坡预报新思路。通过分析某工程滑坡的位移监测数据,得出了选取关键断面、观测预报点的一般规律。采用FLAC3D计算考虑流变状况下,不同安全系数所对应的滑坡位移趋势曲线,通过对比分析相应关键点监测位移趋势曲线,定量、全过程判定滑坡所处的稳定状态,为工程项目提供决策参考,避免了滑坡进一步发展,验证了滑坡观测预报点选择规律和对比监测、计算位移趋势曲线进行滑坡预报的可行性。     

电控喷油器控制柱塞偶件高压变形与泄漏分析

为准确选取柱塞偶件的间隙,简述了喷油器柱塞偶件间隙要求,分析了高压油压泄漏的影响因素,给出了柱塞偶件的受力和泄漏的数学模型,采用ANSYS仿真软件对某柴油机电控喷油器柱塞偶件进行变形分析,对比不同条件下的柱塞的变形量和配合间隙变化,并根据变形量计算出对应的泄漏量。以变形量和泄漏量为衡量指标,给出合理间隙的柱塞偶件方案。     

基于最大后验风险的多层Bayes方法

为了对指数型产品进行可靠性鉴定,首先给出了失效率的多层先验分布,然后从最大后验风险的角度,运用Bayes方法,制定出可靠性鉴定试验方案.按照此鉴定试验方案,缩短了试验时间,从而降低了鉴定试验所需的费用.     

高技术条件下炮兵作战火力优化模型

由于能给敌军造成大量的毁伤 ,炮兵被誉为“战争之神”。但是 ,由于可得到的炮兵部队数量、弹药和时间所限 ,炮兵不可能对战场所有可得到的目标射击。炮兵必须决定哪些目标可用炮兵射击 ,以及如何射击。考虑到未来战场将充斥着大量目标 ,炮兵要求使用一种自动目标处理系统。将提出一个炮兵优化模型 ,模型的目的是快速对目标价值排序 ,然后以最佳的炮兵兵力、火力分配对选择的目标进行射击。     

Consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F system with exchangeable components

As a generalization of k‐out‐of‐n:F and consecutive k‐out‐of‐n:F systems, the consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F system consists of n linearly ordered components such that the system fails iff there are m consecutive components which include among them at least k failed components. In this article, the reliability properties of consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F systems with exchangeable components are studied. The bounds and approximations for the survival function are provided. A Monte Carlo estimator of system signature is obtained and used to approximate survival function. The results are illustrated and numerics are provided for an exchangeable multivariate Pareto distribution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009     

Statistical analysis of exponential lifetimes under an adaptive Type‐II progressive censoring scheme

In this article, a mixture of Type‐I censoring and Type‐II progressive censoring schemes, called an adaptive Type‐II progressive censoring scheme, is introduced for life testing or reliability experiments. For this censoring scheme, the effective sample size m is fixed in advance, and the progressive censoring scheme is provided but the number of items progressively removed from the experiment upon failure may change during the experiment. If the experimental time exceeds a prefixed time T but the number of observed failures does not reach m, we terminate the experiment as soon as possible by adjusting the number of items progressively removed from the experiment upon failure. Computational formulae for the expected total test time are provided. Point and interval estimation of the failure rate for exponentially distributed failure times are discussed for this censoring scheme. The various methods are compared using Monte Carlo simulation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

空降兵师(团)登岛作战兵力分配模型

通过结合空降兵师(团)级登岛作战的战术特点,确立了遮断点的单点和联合价值的指标体系,建立了以联盟博弈为基础的兵力分配初步模型,然后以Shapley值作为此联盟博弈的解,结合投放过程中的兵力损耗,得到一个合理的兵力分配方案,从而建立了师(团)级空降登岛作战的兵力分配模型和算法.     

基于正态分布曲线的分段式变步长LMS算法

针对传统最小均方误差(Least Mean Square, LMS)自适应滤波算法由于步长固定,在解决稳态误差与收敛性之间的关系时,始终处于矛盾状态的问题,在对传统的固定步长LMS自适应滤波算法分析的基础上,根据变步长LMS自适应滤波算法的步长调整原则,通过构造步长因子与误差信号的非线性函数,提出了一种基于正态分布曲线的分段式变步长LMS自适应滤波算法,并分析了参数取值对算法性能的影响。针对实际信号处理过程中参考信号难以选取的问题,提出了一种基于分裂阵的参考信号选取方法。理论和海试数据分析结果表明:该算法的收敛速度和稳态误差明显优于固定步长的LMS自适应滤波算法和基于Sigmoid函数的变步长LMS自适应滤波算法。     

Effect of tool rotational speed on the particle distribution in friction stir welding of AA6092/17.5 SiCp-T6 composite plates and its consequences on the mechanical property of the joint

This study investigates the effect of tool rotational speed (TRS) on particle distribution in nugget zone (NZ) through quantitative approach and its consequences on the mechanical property of friction stir welded joints of AA6092/17.5 SiC_p-T6 composite. 6 mm thick plates are welded at a constant tool tilt angle of 2° and tool traverse speed of 1 mm/s by varying the TRS at 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm and 2000 rpm with a taper pin profiled tool. Microstructure analysis shows large quantity of uniformly shaped smaller size SiC particle with lower average particle area which are homogeneously distributed in the NZ. The fragmentation of bigger size particles has been observed because of abrading action of the hard tool and resulting shearing effect and severe stress generation due to the rotation of tool. The particles occupy maximum area in the matrix compared to that of the base material (BM) due to the redistribution of broken particles as an effect of TRS. The migration of particles towards the TMAZ-NZ transition zone has been also encountered at higher TRS (2000 rpm). The microhardness analysis depicts variation in average hardness from top to bottom of the NZ, minimum for 1500 rpm and maximum for 2000 rpm. The impact strength at 1000 rpm and 1500 rpm remains close to that of BM (21.6 J) while 2000 rpm shows the accountable reduction. The maximum joint efficiency has been achieved at 1500 rpm (84%) and minimum at 1000 rpm (68%) under tensile loading. Fractographic analysis shows mixed mode of failure for BM, 1000 rpm and 1500 rpm, whereas 2000 rpm shows the brittle mode of failure.